Abstract

Research Article

Clinical and immunological characteristics of depressive patients with a clinical high risk of schizophrenia

Omelchenko MA, Zozulya SA, Kaleda VG and Klyushnik TP*

Published: 03 March, 2023 | Volume 7 - Issue 1 | Pages: 001-003

Objective: To study clinical and immunological characteristics of depressive patients with high clinical risk of schizophrenia.
Materials and methods: We examined 30 depressive patients with attenuated positive symptoms (APS), which indicates a clinically high risk of schizophrenia, 20 depressive patients without APS and 27 healthy volunteers with no mental disorders. APS identified according to the presence of three or more scores on at least one of the following items on the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) positive symptoms subscale: P1 (Unusual thought content/Delusional ideas), P2 (Suspiciousness/Persecutory ideas) and P4 (Perceptual abnormalities/Hallucinations). The psychometric assessment was carried out on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), SOPS, and the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). The activity of leukocyte elastase (LE) and α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI), the autoantibodies to neoantigens S100B and myelin basic protein, and the ratio of LE and α1-PI activity or Leukocyte Inhibitory Index (LII) were determined. 
Results: The activity of inflammatory markers LE and α1-PI was increased in patients in both clinical groups compared with controls. In the total group of patients, the associations between LII and the score on the positive subscale SOPS, and between LII and the score on the negative subscale SOPS and SANS scale with the most pronounced association with the SANS subscales «Affective Flattening or Blunting» and «Alogia» were established. 
Conclusion: The identified correlations between immune response features and positive and negative symptoms in depressive patients may have prognostic value for establishing a high risk of schizophrenia.

Read Full Article HTML DOI: 10.29328/journal.ida.1001034 Cite this Article Read Full Article PDF

Keywords:

First depressive episode; Clinical high risk of schizophrenia; Attenuated positive symptoms; Inflammatory markers; Leukocyte inhibitory index

References

  1. Fusar-Poli P, Borgwardt S, Bechdolf A, Addington J, Riecher-Rössler A, Schultze-Lutter F, Keshavan M, Wood S, Ruhrmann S, Seidman LJ, Valmaggia L, Cannon T, Velthorst E, De Haan L, Cornblatt B, Bonoldi I, Birchwood M, McGlashan T, Carpenter W, McGorry P, Klosterkötter J, McGuire P, Yung A. The psychosis high-risk state: a comprehensive state-of-the-art review. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013 Jan;70(1):107-20. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.269. PMID: 23165428; PMCID: PMC4356506.
  2. Lencz T, Smith CW, Auther A, Correll CU, Cornblatt B. Nonspecific and attenuated negative symptoms in patients at clinical high-risk for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2004 May 1;68(1):37-48. doi: 10.1016/S0920-9964(03)00214-7. PMID: 15037338.
  3. Kliushnik TP, Zozulia SA, Androsova LV, Sarmanova ZV, Otman IN, Dupin AM, Panteleeva GP, Oleĭchik IV, Abramova LI, Stoliarov SA, Shipilova ES, Borisova OA. [Immunological monitoring of endogenous attack-like psychoses]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2014;114(2):37-41. Russian. PMID: 24662343.
  4. Ma X, Niu X, Zhao J, Deng Z, Li J, Wu X, Wang B, Zhang M, Zhao Y, Guo X, Sun P, Huang T, Wang J, Song J. Downregulation of Sepina3n Aggravated Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption after Traumatic Brain Injury by Activating Neutrophil Elastase in Mice. Neuroscience. 2022 Nov 1;503:45-57. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.08.023. Epub 2022 Sep 8. PMID: 36089165.
  5. Guttman O, Baranovski BM, Schuster R, Kaner Z, Freixo-Lima GS, Bahar N, Kalay N, Mizrahi MI, Brami I, Ochayon DE, Lewis EC. Acute-phase protein α1-anti-trypsin: diverting injurious innate and adaptive immune responses from non-authentic threats. Clin Exp Immunol. 2015 Feb;179(2):161-72. doi: 10.1111/cei.12476. PMID: 25351931; PMCID: PMC4298394.
  6. Paramonova NS, Gurina LN, Volkova OA, Karchevsky AA, Sinitsa LN. Sostojanie jelastaza-ingibitornoj sistemy u detej v norme i pri otdel'nyh patologicheskih sostojanijah. Pod red. Paramonovoj N.S.: Grodno: Izdatel'stvo GrGMU; 2017. (In Russ.).
  7. Pollak TA, Rogers JP, Nagele RG, Peakman M, Stone JM, David AS, McGuire P. Antibodies in the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Prediction of Psychotic Disorders. Schizophr Bull. 2019 Jan 1;45(1):233-246. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sby021. PMID: 29474698; PMCID: PMC6293207.
  8. Zozulya SA, Tikhonov DV, Kaleda VG, Klyushnik TP. Immunovospalitel'nye markery stanovleniya remissii posle pervogo psikhoticheskogo pristupa v yunosheskom vozraste [Immune-inflammatory markers in remission after a first-episode psychosis in young patients]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2021;121(6):59-66. Russian. doi: 10.17116/jnevro202112106159. PMID: 34283531.

Figures:

Similar Articles

Recently Viewed

  • Unveiling Disparities in WHO Grade II Glioma Care among Physicians in Middle East and North African (MENA) Countries: A Multidisciplinary Survey
    Fatimah M Kaabi, Layth Mula-Hussain*, Shakir Al-Shakir, Sultan Alsaiari, Leonidas Chelis, Renda AlHabib, Sara Owaidah, Renad Subaie, Marwah M Abdulkader and Ibrahim Alotain Fatimah M Kaabi,Layth Mula-Hussain*,Shakir Al-Shakir,Sultan Alsaiari,Leonidas Chelis,Renda AlHabib,Sara Owaidah,Renad Subaie,Marwah M Abdulkader,Ibrahim Alotain. Unveiling Disparities in WHO Grade II Glioma Care among Physicians in Middle East and North African (MENA) Countries: A Multidisciplinary Survey. Arch Cancer Sci Ther. 2026: doi: 10.29328/journal.acst.1001048; 10: 001-005
  • Obstructive Pyelonephritis Due to Postoperative Ureteral Stricture: A Case Report
    Ayoub Mamad*, Mohammed Amine Elafari, Mohammed Amine Bibat, Midaoui Moncef, Amine Slaoui, Tarik Karmouni, Abdelatif Koutani and Khalid Elkhader Ayoub Mamad*,Mohammed Amine Elafari,Mohammed Amine Bibat,Midaoui Moncef,Amine Slaoui,Tarik Karmouni,Abdelatif Koutani,Khalid Elkhader. Obstructive Pyelonephritis Due to Postoperative Ureteral Stricture: A Case Report. J Clin Med Exp Images. 2026: doi: 10.29328/journal.jcmei.1001039; 10: 003-005
  • Febrile Lumbar Pain Revealing a Massive Collection: Complicated Psoas Abscess Managed Surgically
    Mohammed Amine Elafari*, Mamad Ayoub, Mohammed Amine Bibat, Rhayour Anas, Maachi Youssef, Amine Slaoui, Tarik Karmouni, Abdelatif Koutani and Khalid Elkhader Mohammed Amine Elafari*,Mamad Ayoub,Mohammed Amine Bibat,Rhayour Anas,Maachi Youssef,Amine Slaoui,Tarik Karmouni,Abdelatif Koutani,Khalid Elkhader. Febrile Lumbar Pain Revealing a Massive Collection: Complicated Psoas Abscess Managed Surgically. J Clin Med Exp Images. 2026: doi: 10.29328/journal.jcmei.1001041; 10: 010-012
  • Bilateral Severe Encrustation of Long-Term Indwelling Double-J Stents in a Young Non-Lithiasic Patient
    Mohammed Amine Elafari*, Mamad Ayoub, Mohammed Amine Bibat, Maachi Youssef, Amine Slaoui, Tarik Karmouni, Abdelatif Koutani and Khalid Elkhader Mohammed Amine Elafari*,Mamad Ayoub,Mohammed Amine Bibat,Maachi Youssef,Amine Slaoui,Tarik Karmouni,Abdelatif Koutani,Khalid Elkhader. Bilateral Severe Encrustation of Long-Term Indwelling Double-J Stents in a Young Non-Lithiasic Patient. J Clin Med Exp Images. -0001: doi: 10.29328/journal.jcmei.1001042; 10: 013-015
  • Looking Beyond Common Causes of Renal Dysfunction: Renal GVHD and Thrombotic Microangiopathy after Allogeneic Transplant
    Taner Tan*, Ahmet Umur Topcu, Erdem Cig, Dilek Ertoy Baydar and Sinem Civriz Bozdag Taner Tan*,Ahmet Umur Topcu,Erdem Cig,Dilek Ertoy Baydar,Sinem Civriz Bozdag. Looking Beyond Common Causes of Renal Dysfunction: Renal GVHD and Thrombotic Microangiopathy after Allogeneic Transplant. Insights Clin Cell Immunol. 2026: doi: ; 10: 001-003

Read More

Most Viewed

Read More

Help ?